Which substance is known as a universal solvent?

Water is known as a universal solvent because of its unique chemical structure and properties that allow it to dissolve a wide variety of substances. The polarity of water molecules enables them to interact effectively with different ions and polar compounds, breaking them apart and facilitating their dispersion throughout the solution. This characteristic is particularly important in biological systems, where many metabolic processes rely on the ability of water to dissolve nutrients, salts, and gases, making them accessible to cells.

In contrast, other substances listed do not share this level of versatility. Alcohols, while capable of dissolving some substances, have limitations based on their molecular structure and cannot dissolve as broad a range of materials as water. Oils are non-polar and mostly dissolve other non-polar substances, making them ineffective as universal solvents. Glycerin, although it has some solubilizing properties, does not match the extensive dissolving capability of water. Thus, water remains the most effective and widely recognized solvent in both natural and laboratory contexts.