What is the process by which bacteria reproduce by dividing into two new cells?

The process by which bacteria reproduce by dividing into two new cells is known as binary fission. This method is a form of asexual reproduction that allows single-celled organisms, particularly prokaryotes like bacteria, to rapidly increase their population. During binary fission, the bacterial cell undergoes a series of steps including the replication of its DNA, elongation of the cell, and then division into two identical daughter cells.

Binary fission is efficient and allows bacteria to adapt quickly to their environment. It contrasts with other forms of cell reproduction that may involve more complex processes, such as mitosis, which is more relevant for eukaryotic organisms and encompasses multiple phases including prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase. The term "replication" refers to the process of copying DNA rather than the overall division of a cell. Although "cell division" is a broader term that can refer to various types of cell reproduction, in the context of bacteria, "binary fission" specifically denotes the exact mechanism they employ for reproduction.